Cell culture and treatment FL83B mouse hepatocytes (ATCC , Manassas, VA) were cultured and maintained in F-12K complete medium
Clinical Applications
Notably, however, the unstable product flavan-3,3,4-triol ( 4 ) is converted mainly into the by-products epidihydroquercetin ( 9 ), dihydroquercetin ( 10 ) and quercetin ( 11) 13 , while the transformation into the coloured anthocyanidin has only been observed as a minor side reaction in vitro 11,12,13 or in vivo by engineered microorganisms 6,16
Helps reduce physiologic response to stress
Further, the antioxidant is also responsible for an increased conversion of Eumelanin to Pheomelanin (responsible for imparting the yellow-red color), thereby lightening the skin tone significantly
Legally reviewed by Whitney Ray Di Bona, Esquire Last update: July 15, 2026 Est